Science Translational Medicine weekly highlights

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Science Translational Medicine: At the intersection of science, engineering and medicine.
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Neutrophil extracellular traps protect the kidney from ascending infection and are required for a positive leukocyte dipstick test | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 25/09/2024 - 16:01
Neutrophil extracellular traps are present in the urinary tract, help prevent ascending infection, and underlie positive urine dipsticks.
Categories: Science

A deep intronic splice–altering AIRE variant causes APECED syndrome through antisense oligonucleotide-targetable pseudoexon inclusion | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
An extrathymic AIRE expression system uncovered a deep intronic AIRE variant that causes APECED and can be targeted with antisense oligonucleotides.
Categories: Science

Preschool-age children maintain a distinct memory CD4+ T cell and memory B cell response after SARS-CoV-2 infection | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
Preschool-age children mount a different adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 than adults.
Categories: Science

Intratumoral radiation dose heterogeneity augments antitumor immunity in mice and primes responses to checkpoint blockade | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
Radiation dose heterogeneity promotes systemic antitumor immunity through induction of diverse immune activation pathways.
Categories: Science

ARGX-119 is an agonist antibody for human MuSK that reverses disease relapse in a mouse model of congenital myasthenic syndrome | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
ARGX-119 is a first-in-class MuSK agonist monoclonal antibody in clinical development for treatment of neuromuscular diseases.
Categories: Science

Perfusion imaging metrics after acute traumatic spinal cord injury are associated with injury severity in rats and humans | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
Ultrasound perfusion metrics are correlated with acute spinal cord injury severity in rats and humans.
Categories: Science

Deep humoral profiling coupled to interpretable machine learning unveils diagnostic markers and pathophysiology of schistosomiasis | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 18/09/2024 - 16:01
Antibody profiling and machine learning provide insight into the underlying pathophysiology of schistosome infection stages.
Categories: Science

Erratum for the Research Article “Adjuvantation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with controlled tissue-specific expression of an mRNA encoding IL-12p70” by B. Brook et al. | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
In the Research Article “Adjuvantation of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine with controlled tissue-specific expression of an mRNA encoding IL-12p70” by B. Brook et al., there was an error in Fig. 3D. The y axes were incorrectly labeled “% CD44+CD4+IFN-γ+ cells” and “% CD44+CD4+TNF+ cells.” The axes should be labeled “% CD44+CD8+IFN-γ+ cells” and “% CD44+CD8+TNF+ cells,” respectively. Figure 3D has now been corrected, and the main text has been updated to include that no difference was observed in the CD8+IFN-γ+ or CD8+TNF+ T cell responses. In the Fig. 2C caption, “BNT162b” has been corrected to “BNT162b2.” In the fig. S12 caption, the sentence “Mouse inguinal lymph nodes were evaluated by histology (A to O), and inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes were evaluated by (P) flow cytometry (Q) and weight” was corrected to “Mouse inguinal lymph nodes were evaluated by histology (A to M), and inguinal and popliteal lymph nodes were evaluated by (N) flow cytometry (O) and weight.” The online PDF and HTML (full text) and Supplementary Materials PDF have been updated. These corrections do not affect the interpretation of the data or the conclusions of the paper.
Categories: Science

BATF is a major driver of NK cell epigenetic reprogramming and dysfunction in AML | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
BATF deletion prevents epigenetic rewiring and enhances the antitumor activity of NK cells in AML.
Categories: Science

HIF-2α drives hepatic Kupffer cell death and proinflammatory recruited macrophage activation in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
HIF-2α regulates macrophage subtype–specific growth and function to enhance the development of NASH in obesity.
Categories: Science

Rocuronium-specific antibodies drive perioperative anaphylaxis but can also function as reversal agents in preclinical models | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
Reversal agents for rocuronium were identified from rocuronium-specific antibody repertoires.
Categories: Science

A spatially resolved single-cell lung atlas integrated with clinical and blood signatures distinguishes COVID-19 disease trajectories | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
A single-cell lung atlas integrated with clinical and blood signatures can predict disease trajectories in COVID-19 progression.
Categories: Science

Targeted partial reprogramming of age-associated cell states improves markers of health in mouse models of aging | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 11/09/2024 - 16:01
Reprogramming aged cells through targeted overexpression of Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4 leads to beneficial health effects in progeroid and aged mice.
Categories: Science

Erratum for the Research Article “MEK-SHP2 inhibition prevents tibial pseudarthrosis caused by NF1 loss in Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells” by S. Perrin et al. | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
Because of a production error in the Research Article “MEK-SHP2 inhibition prevents tibial pseudarthrosis caused by NF1 loss in Schwann cells and skeletal stem/progenitor cells” by S. Perrin et al., the references cited in the Supplementary Materials were missing from the published article. These references have been added to the References and Notes list as numbers 57 to 68 in the PDF and the HTML, and the Supplementary Materials PDF has been updated with these reference numbers. The data and conclusions are not affected.
Categories: Science

Next-generation CAR T cell therapies for glioblastoma | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
Interim results from two phase 1 trials demonstrate progress in the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for recurrent glioblastoma (GBM).
Categories: Science

Inhibiting endothelial Rhoj blocks profibrotic vascular intussusception and angiocrine factors to sustain lung regeneration | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
Induction of Rhoj in endothelial cells stimulates profibrotic vascular intussusception that hinders lung regeneration in mice.
Categories: Science

An autoimmune transcriptional circuit drives FOXP3+ regulatory T cell dysfunction | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
The PRDM1-S/SGK1 axis and AP-1/IRF epigenetic priming are drivers of Treg dysfunction in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.
Categories: Science

Activation and antitumor immunity of CD8+ T cells are supported by the glucose transporter GLUT10 and disrupted by lactic acid | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
GLUT10 enhances glucose uptake in CD8+ T cells to improve antitumor function.
Categories: Science

Nanoparticle delivery of innate immune agonists combined with senescence-inducing agents promotes T cell control of pancreatic cancer | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 28/08/2024 - 16:01
Combining MEK/CDK4/6 inhibitors with nanoparticle delivery of STING/TLR4 agonists leads to T cell–mediated control of pancreatic tumors in mice.
Categories: Science

Repeated Omicron exposures redirect SARS-CoV-2–specific memory B cell evolution toward the latest variants | Science Translational Medicine

Wed, 21/08/2024 - 16:01
Immunological imprinting to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by memory B cells is redirected toward Omicron sublineages after repeated BA.5 exposures.
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